California’s bold move to adopt the Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF) regulation last year marked a significant step toward reducing emissions from commercial vehicles, setting a precedent that could influence national standards. Adopted by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) in October 2023, the ACF regulation targets zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) adoption in fleets, aiming to mitigate air pollution and combat climate change.
However, the rollout of the ACF regulation has not been without challenges. Shortly after its adoption, the California Trucking Association (CTA) filed a lawsuit against CARB, contesting the legality of the regulation on multiple grounds, including that CARB could not implement the ACF rule without a waiver request from the Clean Air Act to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
CARB’s authority to adopt such regulations stems from unique provisions under the federal Clean Air Act, granting California the ability to enforce more stringent emissions standards compared to those mandated by the EPA. Initially, CARB argued that the ACF rule was designed not to be an emissions standard, but rather a purchase mandate for fleets, which is not regulated by the Clean Air Act. However, opponents of the ACF argue that by mandating which vehicles fleets can purchase, CARB is effectively seeking to regulate and reduce emissions indirectly. The lawsuit underscores the contentious nature of environmental regulations and the complex legal landscape in which they operate.
A pivotal moment arrived when CARB submitted a waiver request to the EPA in November 2023. This request seeks EPA confirmation that California can implement certain aspects of the ACF regulation without further federal oversight, particularly focusing on drayage and high-priority fleets. The outcome of this waiver request holds significant implications for the regulation’s enforcement and the broader acceptance of California’s emissions standards nationwide.
In response to legal challenges and pending EPA approval, CARB announced a voluntary “enforcement delay” for aspects of the ACF regulation affecting large fleets and drayage vehicles. This delay aims to provide clarity while awaiting EPA’s decision, ensuring that affected parties can proceed with compliance plans without immediate enforcement actions.
The EPA’s upcoming public hearing on August 14, 2024, regarding California’s waiver request is anticipated to shed light on the regulatory path forward. Stakeholders, including environmental advocates, industry representatives, and policymakers, will have the opportunity to voice their perspectives on the ACF regulation’s merits and implications.
The ultimate decision by the EPA will influence not just California but potentially the entire country’s approach to vehicle emissions standards. If granted, the waiver would affirm California’s authority to set ambitious environmental goals independently — a decision that could encourage other states to adopt similar measures.
While the ACF regulation faces legal scrutiny and procedural hurdles, its underlying goal of reducing emissions remains a central focus. California’s leadership in environmental policy continues to drive discussions on sustainable transportation and climate resilience, setting a precedent with implications nationally and globally in the fight against climate change.
As stakeholders prepare for the EPA’s public hearing, the future of the ACF regulation hangs in the balance, with its impact likely extending far beyond California’s borders.
